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This Review leads with the disturbing news that the director of the Ramazzini Institute, which led the recent Global Glyphosate Study, has been fired, with no reason given (CORPORATE CAPTURE). We cover developments regarding Bayer’s desperate attempts to get legal immunity against lawsuits brought by people who have been harmed by the company’s pesticides (LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS), plus the latest GLYPHOSATE RESEARCH and the ever-growing OPPOSITION TO GLYPHOSATE around the world. There are also sections on GLUFOSINATE, 2,4-D AND DICAMBA – other toxic herbicides used on GM crops – as well the latest news on PESTICIDES IN GENERAL AND OTHER TOXICS.

CORPORATE CAPTURE

Outrage at European science centre as director ousted after study on glyphosate
A leading European chemical safety research academy, the Ramazzini Institute, has ousted the director of its cancer research centre after the director led an extensive testing programme into the safety of the pesticide glyphosate, sparking concerns about chemical industry influence into what has been an independent research institution. Dr Daniele Mandrioli’s dismissal and the suspicion that it is tied to his work on glyphosate has roiled scientific circles. Members of Collegium Ramazzini, a scientific academy of physicians and scientists from 45 countries, said in a statement that the process of terminating Mandrioli was “non-transparent” and “secretive”. Dr Philip Landrigan, who is head of the International Scientific Advisory Committee of the Ramazzini Institute, described Mandrioli as a “superb scientist” and complained in a letter that the committee had not been consulted on the termination. “Dr Mandrioli… has been subjected to vicious attacks by the chemical industry because the findings of the Institute’s independent research have cost these companies money and hurt their bottom line. The attacks on Dr Mandrioli have increased in intensity in recent months since publication of the results of the Global Glyphosate Study, which found that glyphosate causes dose-related increases in cancer at multiple anatomic sites in experimental animals, most notably increases in leukemia,” he wrote.
Journal finally retracts key Roundup cancer study reliant on Monsanto research and ghostwriting 
Just two days after President Donald Trump’s administration sided with the maker of glyphosate-based Roundup over cancer victims in a US Supreme Court case (see LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS, below), the scientific journal Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology retracted a landmark 25-year-old study on the pesticide’s supposed safety, on the grounds of ethical concerns involving Monsanto and questions about the validity and independence of its findings. In the retraction notice, the journal’s editor-in-chief cited undisclosed Monsanto ghostwriting, reliance almost exclusively on Monsanto-generated data, and failure to incorporate other available toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Bayer, which bought Monsanto in 2018, maintains that the weedkiller can be used safely and is not carcinogenic. However, the company faces thousands of lawsuits from people who developed cancer after exposure to its glyphosate products. The retraction stems from the US litigation, which in 2017 revealed Monsanto correspondence about the study. The study has been a cornerstone of regulatory decision making on the safety of glyphosate. 
A reckoning for corporate-backed science?
Wisner Baum, the law firm that successfully brought the first Roundup cancer lawsuit to trial and which has helped expose Monsanto’s internal communications during such trials, points out that for decades, regulators and industry groups relied on the recently retracted glyphosate safety study (see item above). An analysis showed it ranked in the top 0.1% of glyphosate-related studies by citation count and that regulators repeatedly relied on its conclusions in deciding to keep glyphosate on the market without stronger health warnings. Put more simply, regulatory policy and risk communication were shaped for decades by a paper whose independence and methodology are now formally discredited. And the paper may not be the last glyphosate article to face scrutiny. Researchers who petitioned for this retraction have already asked another journal to withdraw a paper over similar concerns about undisclosed Monsanto involvement. Toxicologists and public health experts warn that multiple glyphosate reviews and commentaries may have been shaped, to varying degrees, by company input that was not transparent to readers or regulators.
Is journal an industry platform for “corporate messaging dressed up as peer-reviewed science”?
The journal Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, which retracted the landmark glyphosate safety study (see items above), is itself systematically corrupt, according to reporter Paul Thacker. He sets out a history that shows it is a journal specifically designed to legitimise industry-funded research defending “tobacco, pesticides, chemicals, endocrine disruptors, air pollution”. He also points out that the 2016 National Academies report used to this day to promote corporate messaging on GMO crops is “littered with studies published in Reg Tox Pharm –  industry’s  favorite journal”. Thacker concludes the journal “has long polluted the scientific literature and harmed Americans. It should be shut down”.
How the chemical industry doctored a new EU approval of glyphosate
A cross-border investigation examined how glyphosate, the world’s most controversial herbicide, secured a ten-year re-approval in the EU despite mounting scientific and legal concerns. The investigation revealed just how closely the chemical industry steers the scientific process meant to regulate it. An international team examined thousands of pages of documents obtained through freedom of information requests. Scientists, regulators, and civil society experts were interviewed to reconstruct how the Glyphosate Renewal Group – a consortium of manufacturers – helped define the very evidence base used by the national pesticide authorities and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Patterns emerged: national regulators repeatedly echoed industry phrasing, dismissed independent peer-reviewed studies, and relied on data prepared by private consultancies. What should have been a transparent scientific evaluation instead became a closed process shaped by commercial interests.
The corporate capture of MAHA: How the chemical lobby is stealing our health again
ImagePaediatrician Lee Evslin writes: “For months leading up to the 2024 election, the ‘Make America Healthy Again’ (MAHA) movement captivated a nation overwhelmed by chronic diseases... I found hope in a powerful promise regarding our food supply: we would finally stop poisoning our own people. We were told that the new administration would take a sledgehammer to the corrupt alliance between federal regulators and the chemical industry.” But, he says, the MAHA movement “has been hijacked. The final MAHA policy drafts barely mention pesticides. The administration is asking the Supreme Court to shield Bayer using fraudulent science” and is claiming that “because the EPA approved a pesticide label, no state court or jury can blame a company for not adding warnings beyond what the EPA required. This is a stunning betrayal. The MAHA movement was built on the premise that the EPA is captured by industry. Yet now, the administration is arguing that this same captured agency should be the supreme authority, overruling every state judge and jury in America.” He says Bayer “are trying to change the rules of the game so that they can never be held accountable for the harm their products cause. They are leveraging Republican-driven efforts to decrease EPA oversight, creating a regulatory vacuum where the federal government doesn’t protect us, and the state governments aren’t allowed to.”  He says the MAHA slogan has revealed itself to be a ‘Trojan horse’: “The very voters who turned out to demand safer food and water have been handed a policy agenda that protects the poisoners.”
MAHA-washing
During Lee Zeldin’s time as Trump’s EPA director, the agency has overseen the roll-back of regulations on toxic chemicals and other pollutants. It has also refused to take any action to rein in the use of pesticides like glyphosate, dicamba, atrazine, chlorpyrifos and paraquat. But, writes Nathan Donley, in the face of a MAHA backlash that saw a strong effort from grassroots MAHA activists to remove Zeldin from his post, he’s trying to rebrand from “a hapless industry lackey running Trump’s pro-pollution EPA” to “Lee Zeldin, science advocate and MAHA champion!” Zeldin’s goal is clear, says Donley: to appease the MAHA crowd while ensuring that Big Ag can continue to use its toxic pesticides. 
From industry to US EPA: Lobbyist now oversees pesticide rules
Kyle Kunkler was the top lobbyist for the US soybean industry, boasting of helping to keep the controversial herbicide dicamba in use on GMO crops. Now he’s helping keep it in use at the EPA. In June, Kunkler was named the Trump administration’s top official in charge of pesticide policy at the EPA. Less than a month later, the EPA proposed allowing the use of herbicides containing dicamba, a chemical that has twice had its use restricted by a federal court.
Pesticides Coalition: Canada must choose science and health over lobbyists
A coalition of nearly 30 civil society and academic organisations is urgingCanada’s federal government to halt plans announced in the latest budget to weaken the country’s pesticide process, and instead launch a long-overdue public debate and comprehensive reform. Last fall yet more evidence emerged of Bayer exerting significant influence over pesticide approvals in Canada, with its pesticide regulator collaborating with the company to thwart an impending ban of a class of neonicotinoid pesticides harmful to humans and deadly to bees. 
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS
Supreme Court will hear appeal by maker of popular Roundup weedkiller to block thousands of lawsuits
The US Supreme Court has agreed to hear an appeal from Bayer to block thousands of state lawsuits alleging it failed to warn people that its popular weedkiller could cause cancer. The justices will consider whether the Environmental Protection Agency’s approval of the Roundup weedkiller without a cancer warning should rule out the state court claims. The Trump administration has weighed in on Bayer’s behalf, reversing the Biden administration’s position and putting it at odds with some supporters of the MAHA agenda who oppose giving the company the legal immunity it seeks.
Pesticide legal immunity bill wilts in Tennessee House committee
A Republican-backed bill that would give broader liability protection to pesticide and herbicide companies such as Bayer, the owner of Roundup, has faltered in a Tennessee House committee. Rep. Rusty Grills declined to present House Bill 809 in the House Judiciary Committee even though numerous supporters from the Farm Bureau packed the hearing room. Grills requested that it be taken off notice. The bill could be revived, but so many questions have been raised about the measure that it isn’t expected to be brought back for consideration.
Pesticide group spends big in Idaho but couldnt pass legal immunity 
A group backing legal immunity for pesticide manufacturers in Idaho failed to see its sponsored legislation passed in 2025 despite spending more on lobbying than any other group in the state. As of December, the Missouri-based Modern Ag Alliance had spent more than $620,000 on lobbying efforts; four times as much as the second-largest lobbying group. However, House Bill 303, which would have granted immunity for pesticide makers, failed without a hearing. 
Will Iowa lawmakers try again to protect Bayer?
Bayer has paid out billions in settlements of Roundup-cancer lawsuits, although the glyphosate market is predicted to top $11 billion by 2030. During the past two legislative sessions, some Republicans tried to pass a bill shielding Bayer from “failure to warn” lawsuits brought by sick glyphosate users. Slap on a federal warning label and they’re good. Most of the Roundup comes from a plant in Muscatine, Iowa. The company says it may have to shut the joint down without legislative help. Iowa House Speaker Pat Grassley said lawmakers will again consider shielding Bayer during the upcoming 2026 session. But in a strongly worded article, journalist Todd Dorman says it's a “terrible idea”. Encouragingly, GMWatch has been told by Iowa insiders that there is little support for it among lawmakers.
Bayer weighs Roundup exit as cancer legal bill nears $18 billion
Last year, a Georgia jury punished Bayer to the tune of almost $2.1 billion after a man who had used the company’s glyphosate-based weedkiller Roundup developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Bayer has coughed up more than $10 billion in legal costs over a product it inherited last decade with its $63 billion acquisition of Monsanto. Its legal battles are far from over, with Bayer facing more than 60,000 outstanding claims from US plaintiffs who say the chemical caused their cancer. The litigation has cast such a massive cloud over Bayer’s stock, which is down more than 70% since the Monsanto deal, that CEO Bill Anderson claims to be considering whether the company should even make glyphosate any more.
Bayers Monsanto must pay $185 million after state Supreme Court restores chemical leak verdict
A US court has reinstated a $185 million verdict against Bayer’s Monsanto unit over chemical contamination at a Washington state school, reviving a major case involving toxic substances. Teachers claimed they fell ill after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) – industrial chemicals produced by Monsanto and now banned for their health risks.
Monsanto lawsuit awards Chicago suburbs millions as settlement from PCB pollution
In December, Illinois courts announced a $120 million settlement in a lawsuit against Monsanto. Illinois Attorney General Kwame Raoul filed the lawsuit in 2022, alleging that the company had knowledge of causing widespread environmental damage in several Chicago suburbs. The attorney general’s office gathered evidence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) infecting air, soil, and waterways in Illinois. According to the lawsuit, Monsanto dumped hazardous waste into sewers and landfills knowing its toxicity. PCBs can cause liver damage, reproductive issues, and immune system damage, and are linked to various types of cancer.
GLYPHOSATE RESEARCH    
England: Cancer-linked pesticide glyphosate found in eight out of thirteen children’s playgrounds
A new study has found residues of the weedkiller glyphosate and its toxic breakdown product – AMPA – in English playgrounds. Pesticide Action Network UK tested samples of soil and plant material and swabbed children’s play equipment in thirteen playgrounds across three English counties and two London boroughs. None of the playgrounds were particularly close to agricultural fields, suggesting that the contamination is likely to originate from the widespread use of glyphosate by UK councils to remove unwanted plants in public spaces. Prof Michael Antoniou, a specialist in molecular genetics and toxicology at Kings College London and UK contributor to the Global Glyphosate Study, said, “Our studies have shown that exposure to glyphosate herbicides is a significant risk factor for the development of a range of serious health conditions, including fatty liver and kidney disease and, most worryingly, a wide range of cancers including leukaemias. The assertion by government regulators that glyphosate is ‘safe’ does not stand up to latest scientific scrutiny, which shows that a ‘safe’ dose of glyphosate is, at present, unknown. Thus, all efforts should be made to reduce glyphosate herbicide use in both agricultural and urban settings, and to eliminate unnecessary routes of exposure, especially for children.” 
Press coverage of glyphosate playground study
The playground study (see above) got widespread media coverage, including in the Independent, the Guardian, and the Daily Mail
Rise of cancer among young adults in the US [GMO] Corn Belt
There’s an unsettling shift in cancer diagnoses in America, with rates for young adults in their 20s, 30s and 40s trending up even as overall cancer rates decline – and with geography a key characteristic in who falls ill young. Cancer rates among young adults in the [GMO] Corn Belt in the Midwest are rising more rapidly than in the country as a whole, a Washington Post analysis reveals. The six leading states for corn production – Iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, Minnesota, Indiana and Kansas – had the same cancer frequency as the rest of the nation for young adults and the overall population when state-level tracking began in 1999. In the 2000s they began to diverge, and since 2015 the states have had a significantly higher cancer rate among those aged 15 to 49. In the latest data from 2022, those states have a rate 5% higher for young adults and 5% higher for the overall population. At the centre of the controversy is glyphosate.
Synergistic effects from glyphosate and urea fertiliser magnify earthworm poisoning
A study of earthworms highlights how chemical mixtures can have both synergistic and species-specific effects, threatening the soil microbiome and overall soil health. In exposing two species to the weedkiller glyphosate alone and in combination with urea, a form of synthetic nitrogen fertiliser, the researchers found enhanced toxicity with co-exposure as well as varying health effects between the two species. These results emphasise the need to test a wide variety of non-target organisms for impacts from environmental contaminants.
Glyphosate linked with poor bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and fractures
A human study in a US population shows a link between glyphosate exposure (as measured in urine) and poor bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and fractures, primarily in postmenopausal adult females. The researchers point out that in a previous study in rats, the total burden of glyphosate seven days after administration (approximately 1% of the administered dose) was principally absorbed in the bone tissue. Regarding the new findings, the researchers caution that due to the study design, the observed associations are not necessarily causal; further research is needed to investigate causality.
Glyphosate and chlorpyrifos pesticide mixtures disrupt defences against cancer
A new vitro study shows that environmentally relevant doses of glyphosate and chlorpyrifos-based pesticide mixtures disrupt immune system functions that are critical for the control of cancer.
OPPOSITION TO GLYPHOSATE
Scientist, farmer, and campaigner all call time on glyphosate
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Glyphosate, used on over 80% of GM crops worldwide, is up for renewal in Great Britain in December 2026, the date having been extended from the originally planned December 2025. In January the Oxford Real Farming Conference (ORFC) kicked off with a debate on glyphosate. The ORFC debate was chaired by Helen Browning of the organic certification body, the Soil Association, and was enlivened by the mix of speakers from different backgrounds: Martin Lines, farmer and CEO of the Nature Friendly Farming Network; Prof Michael Antoniou, whose research group at King’s College London became a leader in glyphosate toxicology; Georgie Bray, farm manager of the RSPB’s (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) Hope Farm; and Nick Mole of Pesticide Action Network UK. There was a surprising degree of consensus among the speakers that ways to reduce and potentially eliminate glyphosate use must be found. The BBC radio programme Farming Today did an excellent interview with the speakers. 
First Nation bans herbicide use across north-central British Columbia
A First Nation in north-central British Columbia (B.C.), Canada says it is banning the use of herbicides across all of its territory. The Lheidli T’enneh First Nation says the ban is being put into place because of the negative impacts herbicides, and glyphosate in particular, have had on the environment and wildlife for which they are stewards.
California, USA: Do you use Roundup? Why so many Napa vineyards have abandoned Monsanto’s controversial weedkiller
The nonprofit Napa Green, which provides a prominent sustainability certification to Napa Valley vineyards, has announced a major milestone: All 101 vineyards with the Napa Green certification have officially stopped using Roundup, the controversial weedkiller that’s been shown to cause cancer, according to numerous studies.
The NYTs pro-Big Ag pundit gets it right on manure, but misses the mark on herbicides
New York Times journalist Michael Grunwald has emerged as arguably the US’s most prominent commentator on the future of agriculture. In a detailed article, a group of Johns Hopkins University experts say he’s right to highlight the environmental crisis caused by unchecked manure pollution from intensive meat production facilities (CAFOs), but wrong to defend the safety of Roundup herbicide in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence that it’s dangerous to health. University of Texas research professor Raj Patel says Grunwald's “reliance on pesticide industry talking points gets the debunking it deserves” from the JHU  experts.
It’s only Roundup: Glyphosate’s safety myth
Midwest farmer Rob Faux was exposed to Roundup herbicide being sprayed by a neighbour farmer, who told him, “It’s okay, it’s only Roundup” – in other words, safety was assured. Years later, and having lost a kidney to cancer, Faux denounces this notion as false: “The cracks in the myth of safety for glyphosate are growing.” 
GLUFOSINATE, 2,4-D, AND DICAMBA
End of an era? Glufosinate’s tight grip on waterhemp finally breaks
Is this the end of an era? Glufosinate’s “last herbicide standing” status is compromised by confirmed populations of glufosinate-resistant waterhemp weeds. Glufosinate-tolerant (LibertyLink) GMO crops are widely grown in the US due to problems with glyphosate-resistant weeds. Waterhemp is considered a “driver weed” for many row crop growers across the US Midwest and South due to its ability to severely impact yields, with losses of up to 74% in corn and 56% in soybeans.
France halts imports of food with traces of banned pesticides, including glufosinate
France has officialised a ban on food imports containing traces of five pesticides currently banned in the EU, a move aimed at easing farmers’ opposition to the Mercosur trade deal with four South American nations. The five substances targeted include glufosinate, a herbicide widely used on potatoes as well as GMO LibertyLink crops, plus the fungicides mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and benomyl, used on produce ranging from avocados and mangos to wheat and soybeans.  
Increased pesticide use on GM crops in Illinois is killing native oaks
While the amount of acres of GMO soybeans and corn has remained stable for the past 25 years, the use of pesticides in Illinois has doubled. The state’s oldest trees are getting sick from the drift. After only five years of commercial use of GMO Roundup Ready seeds, dozens of weeds had evolved widespread resistance to glyphosate, becoming superweeds. In response, farmers used more of the herbicide or switched to other products, such as 2,4-D and dicamba. However, a 2024 study from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign indicates that the increase in pesticide use is causing significant damage to prairie grasses and trees across the state, particularly native oaks, hickory and box elders.
PESTICIDES IN GENERAL AND OTHER TOXICS
I was contaminated: Study reveals how hard it is to avoid pesticide exposure
For decades, Khoji Wesselius has noticed the oily scent of pesticides during spraying periods when the wind has blown through his tiny farming village in a rural corner of the Netherlands. Now, after volunteering in an experiment to count how many such substances people are subjected to, Wesselius and his wife are one step closer to understanding the consequences of living among chemical-sprayed fields of seed potato, sugar beet, wheat, rye and onion. “We were shocked,” said Wesselius, who had exposure to eight different pesticides through his skin, with even more chemicals found through tests of his blood, urine and stool. “I was contaminated by 11 sorts of pesticides. My wife, who is more strict in her organic nourishment, had seven sorts of pesticides.” According to a new study, even people who live far from farms are exposed to pesticides from non-dietary sources – including banned substances. 
Neonicotinoid insecticides damage male fertility, researchers say
Neonicotinoid pesticides, the world’s most widely used class of insecticides, are linked to male reproductive toxicity in (human-relevant) lab animals, especially at higher doses, according to a new scientific review of two decades of evidence.
With neonicotinoid pesticide ban, France’s birds make a tentative recovery – study
Insect-eating bird populations in France appear to be making a tentative recovery after a ban on bee-harming pesticides, according to the first study to examine how wildlife is returning in Europe.
Toxic chemicals in global food system causing $3 trillion a year in health and environmental costs – new report
A failure to regulate four groups of toxic chemicals widely used across the global food system is costing between $1.4–2.2 trillion in annual healthcare costs (2-3% of global GDP), plus at least 0.6 trillion more in environmental damages, a new report reveals. “Invisible Ingredients: Tackling Toxic Chemicals in the Food System”, from systems change advisory Systemiq funded by the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, presents the most comprehensive global assessment to date of the combined health, environmental and economic impacts of phthalates, bisphenols, pesticides and PFAS within the global food system. 
EU Commission proposes unlimited pesticide approvals
A draft Omnibus regulation on food and feed reveals that the European Commission’s DG SANTE is attempting to deregulate all chemical pesticides. This comes under the guise of “simplification”, intended to facilitate access to the market to safer bio-pesticides. The proposal would grant indefinite EU approval of pesticide active substances, while removing the obligation for Member States to consider the most recent independent scientific evidence during national pesticide product authorisations. This industry-friendly move will drastically lower the level of protection of citizens’ health and the environment.